Relative status mobility is measured by a regression model in which child’s status is regressed on parental status, and the regression coefficient captures status persistence. In the United States, substantial increase occurred for cohorts born in the first half of the twentieth century, but there has not been further upgrading in mean status after that ( Hauser et al. Absolute status mobility has been operationalized as the change in average occupational status over time. Some economists have claimed that occupational status may even be a better indicator of long-term economic standing than single-year income measures ( Goldberger 1989 Zimmerman 1992).Ī long and rich tradition of sociological research has examined the intergenerational stratification process using occupational status, starting as early as in the 1960s. Status strongly correlates with other social and economic variables, and it remains relatively stable over the individual occupational career, so a single measure provides adequate information of long-run standing ( Hauser et al. Furthermore, information about parents can be reported retrospectively by adult children, circumventing the need for long-term panels. Occupational status has important advantages as a measure of economic standing: collecting information about occupations is relatively easy and faces fewer issues in terms of recall, reliability, refusal, and stability than measures of earnings or income ( Hauser and Warren 1997). Occupational status is a weighted average of the mean level of earnings and education of detailed occupations. Sociological analysis of mobility relies on occupations, collapsed into highly aggregated classes or ranked into a one-dimensional status hierarchy. However, the attribution of causality-to what extent and through which mechanisms family economic standing affects children’s socioeconomic attainment-is a more challenging task that researchers are starting to consider. Much has been learned about levels, patterns, and trends of mobility. Much mobility analysis is descriptive and bivariate-no small feat given the methodological challenges to obtain unbiased estimates-but analysis of “mediating factors” and variation across time and place are interesting extensions. Topics with a long tradition in sociology-for example, mediators of intergenerational reproduction or the distinction between absolute and relative mobility (e.g., Blau and Duncan 1967 Sewell and Hauser 1975)-are being tackled anew by economists (e.g., Eide and Showalter 1999 Bowles and Gintis 2002 Blanden, Gregg, and Macmillan 2007 Chetty, Hendren, Kline, and Saez 2014). While the sociological analysis of class and status mobility dates back to the 1960s and may have experienced its golden years in the 1970s to 1990s, economic mobility research has burgeoned in the last two decades. Empirical research shows that findings about levels of mobility in different countries and trends over time vary depending on the measure used. The distinction is not just disciplinary, nor is it trivial. Sociologists favor occupational measures to evaluate intergenerational mobility while economists focus on earnings and income. All subjects Allied Health Cardiology & Cardiovascular Medicine Dentistry Emergency Medicine & Critical Care Endocrinology & Metabolism Environmental Science General Medicine Geriatrics Infectious Diseases Medico-legal Neurology Nursing Nutrition Obstetrics & Gynecology Oncology Orthopaedics & Sports Medicine Otolaryngology Palliative Medicine & Chronic Care Pediatrics Pharmacology & Toxicology Psychiatry & Psychology Public Health Pulmonary & Respiratory Medicine Radiology Research Methods & Evaluation Rheumatology Surgery Tropical Medicine Veterinary Medicine Cell Biology Clinical Biochemistry Environmental Science Life Sciences Neuroscience Pharmacology & Toxicology Biomedical Engineering Engineering & Computing Environmental Engineering Materials Science Anthropology & Archaeology Communication & Media Studies Criminology & Criminal Justice Cultural Studies Economics & Development Education Environmental Studies Ethnic Studies Family Studies Gender Studies Geography Gerontology & Aging Group Studies History Information Science Interpersonal Violence Language & Linguistics Law Management & Organization Studies Marketing & Hospitality Music Peace Studies & Conflict Resolution Philosophy Politics & International Relations Psychoanalysis Psychology & Counseling Public Administration Regional Studies Religion Research Methods & Evaluation Science & Society Studies Social Work & Social Policy Sociology Special Education Urban Studies & Planning BROWSE JOURNALS
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